Prophet Muhammad (SAW)

There is no God but Allah, Muhammad (SAW) is the prophet of God.

  Prophet Muhammad (SAW)  (571-632 CE), founder of Islam, whose prophetic teachings, encompassing political and social as well as religious principles, became the basis of Islamic civilization.

Muhammad (SAW) was born in Mecca to Hazrat Abdullah and Hazrat Amna. He belonged to the clan of Hashim, a branch of the influential tribe of Quraysh. Orphaned as a small child, he was brought up by his uncle Abu Talib (RA). Like his fellow tribesmen, he became a trader. At the age of 25, he married Khadija (RA), a rich widow.

Muhammad (SAW) periodically withdrew to a cave outside Mecca to meditate and pray for guidance. During one of these retreats he reported experiencing a vision of the archangel Gabriel, who proclaimed him a prophet of God. He began to preach in public, reciting the verses of his revelation, which came to be known as the Qura'an. Muhammad (SAW)'s earliest teachings emphasized his belief in one transcendent but personal God, the Last Judgment, and social and economic justice. God, he asserted, had sent prophets to other nations throughout history, but, having failed to reform, those nations had been destroyed. Muhammad (SAW) proclaimed his own message, the Qura'an, to be the last revealed Book and himself to be the last of the prophets, consummating and superseding the earlier ones.

Insisting on the necessity of social reform, Muhammad (SAW) advocated improving the lot of slaves, orphans, women, and the poor and replacing tribal loyalties with the fellowship of Islamic faith. Muhammad (SAW) fled Mecca to escape his enemies, who were angered by his advocacy of social reforms. In 622 CE, he went to Medina, a city about 400 km (about 248 miles) to the north. This departure from Makkah is the hijrah (emigration), from which date the Muslim calendar begins. And from this date, Yathrib also became known as Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. Muhammad (SAW) was given supreme authority in Medina, and he began to establish the ritual practices of Islam.

Resistance from Mecca remained, but after several battles the Meccans finally submitted peacefully to Muhammad (SAW) in 630. As tribes throughout Arabia were converted to Islam, Muhammad (SAW) became the most powerful leader in Arabia. He enforced the principles of Islam and established the foundation of the Islamic empire. In 632 he died suddenly and unexpectedly in Medina at the age of 63. Only one of his children survived, a daughter named Fatima (RA), who married Hazrat Ali (RA), the fourth caliph.

In Depth Life Sketch...

 Holy Names of Prophet Muhammad (SAW):  

1. Muhammad

2. Ahmed

3. Hamid

4. Mahmood

5. Mahi

6. Hashir

7. Aaqib

 About Holy Birth of Prophet Muhammad (SAW):   

Islamic Dates/Day/Time/Place:
12th Rabbi-ul-Awwal, Monday, Early in the morning (before sunrise) at Holy Makkah

English date/year: 17th June 569. A.D

Hindi date/year: 1st of Jaith 3672 Kul Jug

Other Dates
- 1st year of elephant. (on 40th day after elephant event)
- 2675th year to Prophet Noah's flood
- 2585th year to Prophet Ibrahimi year

 About Death of Prophet Muhammad (SAW):  

- 12th Rabbi-ul-Awwal 11 Hijrah

- 23rd Nabvi

- 8th June, 632 A.D

- At the time of Chasht (after sunrise) in Madina Munawwarah
- Died in the house of Bibi Ayesha (RA).

- Buried in the house of Bibi Aysha (RA)

- Grave is exactly where he died in the room.

 Total Life Span of Prophet Muhammad (SAW):  

- 63 years + 0 month + 4 days + 6 hours or

- Total 22330 days or

- Total 535924 hours

- Stay in Holy Makkah - 53 years
- Stay in Holy Madina - 10 years

 Uncles of Prophet Muhammad (SAW):  

Total Uncles - 9
Only 2 embraced Islam - Syedna Hamza (RA) & Syedna Abbas (RA)

7 Uncles did not embraced Islam -
Aabu Talib, Abu Lahab, Zubair, Maqoom, Zarrar, Haris & Mugheera

 Aunts of Prophet Muhammad (SAW):  

Total Aunts - 6
Only one embraced Islam - Syeda Safia (RA)

5 Aunts did not embraced Islam -
Um-e-Hakeem Baiza (Grandmother of Syedna Usman (RA)),
Aroohi (some says perhaps she accepted Islam but not confirmed),
Ateka (some says perhaps she accepted Islam but not confirmed),
Barrah, Amemmah

 Wives of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) Azwaj-e-Mutaherat: 

Total Wives: 12

Wife Name	Age at the time of Nikkah				Wife's Status
	Year	Prophet's Age	Wife's Age	Died	Buried	Before Nikkah	Other
Khateeja	15 B.N	25	40	10 A.N	Makkah	Widow Twice
Sudah	10 A.N	50	50	23 hijra	Madina	Widow
Ayesha	02 hijra	55	10	57 hijra	Madina	Virgin
Hafsa	03 hijra	56		45 hijra	Madina	Widow	Husband died in Badar
Zanab Hazima	04 hijra	57			Madina	Widow	Husband died in Uhad
Umm-e-Salma	04 hijra	57		63 hijra	Madina	Widow	Husband died in Uhad
Zanab Hajash	04 hijra	57		20 hijra	Madina	Divorced
Javaria	05 hijra	58	15	50 hijra	Madina	Divorced
Umm-e-Habiba	05 hijra	58		44 hijra	Madina	Separated	Husband left Islam
Safia	05 hijra	58	15	50 hijra	Madina	Divorced
Memoona	06 hijra	59		51 hijra	Sarif	Widow Twice
Maria Qubtia				16 hijra	Madina
Important Note: a) Syeda Ayesha (RA) was the daughter of Sydna Abu Baker Siddique (RA) b) Syeda Hafza was the daughter of Syedna Umer (RA) c) Syeda Umm-e-Habiba was the daughter of Abu Sufiyan d) Only Syeda Khateeja and Syeda Zainab Hazima died in prophet's life e) 9 wives were alive when Prophet SAW passed away.

 Sons of Prophet Muhammad (SAW): 

Total Sons - 3

1. Syedna Qasim from Khateeja (RA)

2. Syedna Abdullah (Tayab, Tahir) from Khateeja (RA)

3. Syedna Ibraheem from Maria Qubtia (RA)

Note: All the sons died in their childhood, first 2 are burried in Jannat-ul-Moalla, Makkah and last one is in Jannat-ul-Baqqi, Madina.

 Daughters of Prophet Muhammad (SAW): 

Total Daughters - 4

1. Syeda Zainab (RA), married with Abual Bin Aas Bin Rabbi

2. Syeda Ruqayyia (RA), married with Syedna Usman Bin Affan

3. Syeda Um-e-Kulsoom (RA), married with Syedna Usman Bin Affan

4. Syeda Fatima Zuhra (RA),  married with Syedna Ali Bin Abi Talib.

Note: All daughters were from Um-ul-Momeneen Syeda Khatija (RA). All daughters except Syeda Fatima died in Prophets' life. All daughters buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi, Madina.
 

 Battles: 

Battles in which Prophet took part physically, called Ghazwat. Battles in which Prophet not command physically, called Sarayas

Total Ghazwats/Sarayas - 27

01. Wadan	08. Qar-Qara Lekaarmd	15. Banu Mutlaq	22. Vadi-e-Anqra
02. Bawat	09. Uzfan	16. Ahzab/Trench	23. Zat- ul- Raqa
03. Safwan	10. Uhad	17. Banu Qareeza	24. Makkah
04. Zu-Alasheera	11. Hmra-O-Asad	18. Banu Lahyan	25. Hunnain
05. Badar Kura	12. Banu Naseer	19. Ze-Farda	26. Taif
06. Qaneeqah	13. Badar-Akhir	20. Hudabiya	27. Tubook
07. Al-Saweeq	14. Domta Jandol	21. Khyber

  Timeline of Muhammad (SAW)
Important dates and locations in his life...

Before Vahee

c. 569   Death of his father, 'Abd Allah'; Before Holy Birth
c. 570   Possible date of birth, April 20: Mecca
c. 576   Death of Mother Bibi Amena; 6th year after Birth
c. 578   Death of Grandfather Abu Mutalib; 8th year after Birth
c. 583   First business trip towards Syria; 13th year after Birth 
c. 585   Participation in Harb-e-Fajar (battle for Kabba's Hurmat); 15th year after Birth
c. 593   Second business trip (with Mehsra slave of Bibi Khateeja RA); 23rd year after Birth
c. 595   Meets and marries Khadijah (RA); 25th year after Birth
c. 605   Resolved tribe conflicts (fixing of Hajr-e-Asvad); 35th year after Birth
c. 606   Starting to go to Cave Hira; 36th year after Birth
c. 610   First reports of Qur'anic revelation (Vahee); 40th year after Birth

After Vahee

c. 610   Appears as Prophet of Islam
c. 613   Begins spreading message of Islam publicly
c. 614   Begins to gather following in Mecca
c. 615   Emigration of Muslims to Ethiopia
c. 616   Banu Hashim clan boycott begins
c. 618   Medinan Civil War
c. 619   Banu Hashim clan boycott ends
c. 619   The year of sorrows: Khadijah and Abu Talib die
c. 620   Isra and Mairaj
c. 622   Emigrates to Medina (Hijra)
c. 624   Battle of Badr: Muslims defeat Meccans
c. 624   Expulsion of Banu Qaynuqa
c. 625   Battle of Uhud: Meccans defeat Muslims
c. 625   Expulsion of Banu Nadir
c. 626   Attack on Dumat al-Jandal (Syria)
c. 627   Battle of the Trench
c. 627   Destruction of Banu Qurayza
c. 627   Subjugation of Dumat al-Jandal
c. 628   Treaty of Hudaybiyya
c. 628   Gains access to Meccan shrine Kaaba
c. 628   Conquest of the Khaybar oasis
c. 629   First hajj pilgrimage
c. 629   Attack on Byzantine empire fails: Battle of Mu'tah
c. 630   Attacks and bloodlessly captures Mecca
c. 630   Battle of Hunayn
c. 630   Siege of Taif
c. 630   Conquest of Mecca
c. 631   Rules most of the Arabian peninsula
c. 632   Attacks the Ghassanids: Tabuk
c. 632   Farewell hajj pilgrimage
c. 632   Death (June 8): Medina

  The Qura'an,  sacred scripture of Islam. Muhammad (SAW) applied the name to individual revelations that he received from Allah. The name was later used for the book containing the divine revelations given to Muhammad (SAW). Recorded by secretaries and memorized by his followers, the collection was compiled shortly after Muhammad (SAW)'s death in 632. Arabic scholars produced an authorized version in the early 650s. The earliest known work in Arabic prose, the Qura'an consists of 114 suras (chapters) and contains the Islamic religious, social, civil, commercial, military, and legal codes. The chief doctrines in the Qura'an are that only one God and one true religion exist; all will undergo final judgment; and when humankind turned from truth, God sent prophets to lead the way back. Accepted by Muslims as the utterance of the Almighty, the Qura'an is held to be above criticism. Copies of the book are treated with great reverence. Read All About Qura'an

The Prophet's Last Sermon

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

This sermon was delivered on the ninth day of Dhul Hijah, 10 A.H. (632 A.D.) in the valley of Mount Arafat. The contents of the message were collected from different narrations, and there are other parts to it that are not mentioned here. This sermon still needs the authenticity of all of its parts to be checked.

"O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether, after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore, listen to what I am saying to you very carefully and take these words to those who could not be present today.

O People, just as you regard this month, this day, this city as sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that He will indeed reckon your deeds. Allah has forbidden you to take interest, therefore, all interest obligations shall henceforth be waived. Your capital, however, is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer inequity. Allah has judged that there shall be no interest and that all interest due to Abbas bin Abdul-Muttalib (the prophet's uncle) shall henceforth be waived.

Every right arising out of homicide in pre-Islamic days is henceforth waived and the first such right I waive is that arising from the murder of Rabiyah bin Al-Harith (relative of the prophet). O Men, the unbelievers indulge in tampering with the calendar in order to make permissible that which Allah forbade, and to forbid that which Allah had made permissible. With Allah the months are twelve; four of them are holy; three of these are successive and one occurs singly between the months of Jumadah and Shaaban. Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things.

O People, it is true that you have certain right with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you. If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well as never commit adultery.

O People, listen to me in earnest, worship Allah, say your five daily prayers, fast during the month of Ramadhan, and give your wealth in zakat. Perform Hajj if you can afford to. All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has no superiority over a black, nor a black has any superiority over white except by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is the brother of another Muslim, and that Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly. Do not, therefore, do injustice to your selves.

Remember, one day you will appear before Allah and answer for your deeds. So beware, do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am gone.

O People, no prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore, O People, and understand my words which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the Qura'n and my example, the Sunnah, and if you follow these you will never go astray.

All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others, and those to others again; and may the last ones understand my words better that those who listen to me directly. Be my witness O Allah, that I have conveyed Your message to Your people."

 Sayings of Prophet Muhammad (SAW)

The Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him) said:

1) Four things that make your body sick:

a) Excessive talking
b) Excessive sleeping
c) Excessive eating
d) Excessive meeting

2) Four things that destroy the body:

a) Worrying
b) Sorrow
c) Hunger
d) Sleeping late in the night

3) Four things that dry the face & take away its happiness:

a) Lying
b) Being disrespectful
c) Arguing unnecessarily
d) Immorality

4) Four things that increase the wetness of face & its happiness:

a) Piety
b) Loyalty
c) Generosity
d) Being helpful to others

5) Four things that stop the Rizq (Sustenance):

a) Sleeping in the morning (from Fajr to sunrise)
b) Not or irregular in Prayers
c) Laziness / Idleness
d) Treachery / Dishonesty

6) Four things that increase the Rizq:

a) Staying up in the night for prayers
b) Excessive Repentance
c) Regular Charity
d) Zikr (Remembrance of Allah / God)